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- ~4Dgifts/toolbox/documents/networking/ppp.config.irix
-
-
- this document was written by two sgi engineers to help people internally
- establish ppp connections. we include here as information useful to
- developers who may be attempting to crack the same "chinese puzzle"....
-
-
-
-
- $Revision: 1.5 $
-
- Establishing a PPP connection using IRIX PPP.
-
- A PPP connection extends our WAN to encompass nodes outside of
- the WAN connection. These nodes are typically remote locations
- such as your home or remote offices. By establishing a PPP
- connection, you can run applications that require a network
- connection such as mail, quote configurator, locate, etc. PPP
- connections works with high speed modems and ISDN lines.
- Connections using high speed modems (v.32, v.32bis, v.fast,
- etc..) are quite useable for file transfers and moderately active
- network applications such as the quote configurator and xrn.
- Don't expect to run intensive X-Window or graphics applications
- and display over the PPP link. NFS performance is also quite slow
- and not recomended.
-
-
- Requirements:
-
- OS/Hardware: IRIX 5.2 with eoe1.sw.PPP installed and SGI
- machines capable of at least 19.2k. Onyx/Challenge
- machines may present problems. 4D25, 4D35, Indy,
- Indigo, Indigo2 all work. Of course, you will
- need two machines to make PPP work.
-
- Modem: These are ones that I know works:
-
- Telebit Qblazer
- Telebit Wordblazer
- Telebit T3000
- Telebit T2500 (v.32 only and be careful of firmware rev)
- Practical Peripherial 14.4
- US Robotics Sportster (has fax support as well) (*)
-
- In general, any v.32bis with v.42 compress/error
- correction will do, the above is a result of
- personal experience.
-
- (*) recomended based on price, features, and
- personal experience
-
-
-
- Modem cable: Use the SGI modem cable. MacIntosh modem cable
- will NOT work. It lacks the correct pin-outs for
- hardware flow control (a requirement for PPP
- connections) Consult the "insight" (advanced
- site admin guide) for information on constructing
- the modem cable.
-
- ******WARNING*********
- The proper configuration of the modem cable is the
- most common problem most user have. PLEASE take EXTRA
- care to guarantee the cable meets the exact pinouts
- specified in the "Advanced site admin guide" for
- hardware supported "modem" cable.
-
-
- Phone switches: You may want to use a phone swich such as a
- ASAP TF555. This allows you to use one
- phone line for voice and modem connection.
-
- Step 1: Set up a modem.
-
- Hook up modem to serial port. I normally use port 2.
-
- Hook up phone line to modem.
-
- Run /etc/uucp/fix-telebit (or the appropriate initialization
- script) for your modem. For example:
-
- /usr/lib/uucp/fix-telebit -m WorldBlazer -s 38400 -io d2
-
- There may not be an initialization script in "/usr/lib/uucp" for
- your particular modem choice. This is no big deal. You will need
- to read your manual and the note the initial settings that will
- be best for your system (ie. set the modem to use hardware flow
- control, Lock the interface speed to the max allowed by your
- system (38400 or less), set the modem to request the appropriate
- speed for the PPP connection site (v.32 , v.32bis, v.fast, etc...),
- set the modem to answer if desired, set the modem to use the
- compatible error correction and compression, etc....). Most modems
- allow you to do this by manualy setting PROM registers or
- flipping dip switches. To access the modem to set the PROM registers
- you will need to establish serial communication with the modem.
- To do this use the UNIX "cu" command.
-
- You should see the response shown below. If you don't further
- success is unlikely. Check cabling and consult your modem
- manual for a fix. ( this is true for Telebit modems only).
-
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- hlo@sting #21 /usr/lib/uucp/fix-telebit -m WorldBlazer -s 38400 -io d2
-
- If this effort to program the Telebit "WorldBlazer"
- connected to port 2 works, you should see a series AT commands
- and responses. The response to each command should end with 'OK'.
- The last command should be followed by a list of all of the settings.
-
- Stopping processes currently using port 2
-
- AT &F9 S254=255
- OK
- AT &F9 S254=255
- OK
- AT &F9 S254=255
- OK
- AT Q0 x12 &C1 &D3 L1 S2=128 S38=5 S59=15 S61=0 S63=0 S68=255
- OK
- AT S45=0 S7=60 S92=1 S111=30 S255=255
- OK
- AT S58=2 S0=0 S51=6
- OK
- AT &W
- OK
- AT &V ~L
- WorldBlazer - SA - Version LA5.01 - Active Configuration
- B1 E1 L1 M1 P Q0 V1 X12 Y0
- &C1 &D3 &G0 &J0 &L0 &Q0 &R3 &S0 &T4 &X0
- S000=0 S001=0 S002:128 S003=13 S004=10 S005=8 S006=2 S007:60
- S008=2 S009=6 S010=14 S011=70 S012=50 S018=0 S025=5 S026=1
- S038:5 S041=0 S045=0 S046=0 S047=4 S048=0 S050=0 S051:6
- S056=17 S057=19 S058:2 S059:15 S060=0 S061:0 S062=15 S063=0
- S064=0 S068=255 S069=0 S090=0 S092:1 S093=8 S094=1 S100=0
- S104=0 S105=1 S111:30 S112=1 S151=4 S155=0 S180=2 S181=1
- S183=25 S190=1 S191=7 S253=10 S254=255 S255=255
- 0:
- 1:
- 2:
- 3:
- 4:
- 5:
- 6:
- 7:
- 8:
- 9:
- OK
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- You will also need to put a uugetty entry in /etc/inittab for
- incoming connections.
-
- t2:23:respawn:/usr/lib/uucp/uugetty -Nt60 -itelebit,conn ttyf2 dx_38400
-
- "telinit q" and "killall uugetty". If you want to test your
- incoming connection, using the wan rlogin to guest@orca.dallas
- and "cu telno" (where telno is the phone line your modem is
- connected to) to your machine to see if it works. My machine is in
- Dallas, so add the appropriate area code to telno.
-
- This is necessary for bi-direction connections only. If you only
- want to dial-out you need only set the port to "off".
-
- Step 2: Establish a uucp connection.
-
- Create a device for your modem by putting an appropriate
- entry in /etc/uucp/Devices. My Worldblazer gets the entries:
-
- #Type Line Line2 Class Dialer-Token-Pairs
- ACU ttyf2 null 38400 212 x tqb
- Direct ttyf2 - Any 212 x tqb
-
- The description of the Devices file is in the Chapter 21 of the
- Personal System Administrator guide (available in insight).
- Bascially, ACU keys the line for an Automatic Call Unit. The
- Line should be /dev/ttyf2 for a port 2 connection. Line2 is
- for a 801 type dialer. The Class field keys the modem class,
- in this case a modem class with baud rate at 38.4k. The last
- field specifies the dialer to use. In this case its 212 x tqb.
- "tqb" is a key to the chat script in the /etc/uucp/Dialers
- file. There isn't a WorldBlazer dialer shipped with 5.2 so
- I use the Qblazer dialer.
-
- Create an entry for the system you are dialing up to. Edit
- /etc/uucp/Systems and add two entries similar to the following:
-
- #System Times Type Class Phone Login
- uorca Any ACU 38400 12146618514
- porca Any ACU 38400 12146618514 "" @\r\c ogin: psting ssword: Passwd PPP
- direct Any Direct 38400
-
- The first entry is a regular dial up. The second entry is for
- an automatic dial up PPP connection. The first field specify
- the remote system. So, when I want to dial up to orca,
- I will use "cu porca". When PPP connects to porca, it expects
- a porca entry in the /etc/uucp/Systems file. The Times
- field specify when the remote computer can be called. The
- key "Any" is self explanatory. Type and class matches the entry
- in /etc/uucp/Devices file. Phone is the phone number of the
- remote system. The Login field is the response to the remote
- systems's login information. uorca does not have an automatic
- login, so the sender must supply all the pertinent information
- after the connection. In the PPP connection line, the first
- response for a login is "psting" and the request for a password
- is "Passwd PPP". The string PPP is needed for IRIX PPP. Becuase
- the Systems file contains password information, it should have
- the permissions:
-
- -r-------- 1 uucp uucp 1784 Jun 4 14:54 Systems
-
- We'll discuss passwords and logins later. For now, we'll
- concentrate on establishing a uucp connection. The last entry
- in the example is a direct connection to the modem. This lets
- you bypass any automatic dialing so that you issue modem
- commands.
-
- Make sure there is a dialer for the modem you have chosen. I
- use a WorldBlazer with the tqb dialer. If you have
- a modem that doesn't have a dialer script, you either
- have to write one or try the ones in /etc/uucp/Dialers.
-
- Now test your connection. If you don't have a remote system
- to dial up to you can use the orca for testing. Type "cu direct",
- when you get the "Connect" prompt, type "atdt" and return.
- You'll get a dial tone from the modem. Press return again to
- cancel the dt modem command. You'll get an OK prompt. Try to
- dial SGI's voice mail by issuing the dial command "atdt 18003261020".
- The modem will respond with "DIALING". Press return to cancel the
- dial. Type "~." to escape cu. Press return when cu responds with
- [sting].
-
- Different modems respond differently base on the "result code"
- setting you have set. Some people my not see the word "DIALING"
- others may see a numerical result code like "01".
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- sting#3 cu direct
- Connect
- atdt
- OK
- atdt 18003261020
- DIALING
-
- RRING
- ~[sting].
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-
- Type "cu orca". Your modem should dial up and go thru a
- series of modem speed negotiation. If successful, you'll
- get a login prompt. You can login to the remote system and
- then exit.
-
- If you can't establish a uucp connection, here are some things
- to check for. At a minimum you should get:
-
- sting 4# cu uorca
- Trying modem - /dev/ttyf2, acu - /dev/null, calling x<: SUCCEEDED
-
- Has the system tried to dial more than once ? Such as:
-
- sting 4# cu uorca
- Trying modem - /dev/ttyf2, acu - /dev/null, calling x<: SUCCEEDED
- Trying modem - /dev/ttyf2, acu - /dev/null, calling x<: SUCCEEDED
-
- In this case, you are having problems connecting. Is
- the phone number to the remote system correct? Is the
- line speed from your computer to the modem correct ?
- If you're using 38400, be consistent. 38400
- should appear in your Devices and Systems file. Also,
- the modem initialization script defaults to 19200. Make
- sure to specify 38400 if you're using 38400. I haven't
- check it, but I don't think that the 4D25 can do 38400.
-
- Is the device locked ? Sometimes a bad "cu" will leave
- the port in a locked state. Check /usr/spool/locks
- for file such as LCK..ttyf2. If you're sure that the
- modem isn't being used, remove this file.
-
- Is the phone line connected ? cu direct and the
- of atdt command should give you a dial tone. If
- it doesn't check your phone connection.
-
-
- Step 3: Set up the PPP connection.
-
- The first thing to do when you set up a PPP connection is to select
- an IP address. It is crucial that you have a network address that is
- different than the one for your ethernet interface. If your
- network with the ethernet is 192.48.147, then your PPP address has
- to be something different. Send email to netnumber@corp.sgi to get
- a new network.
-
- On the remote system you will need a PPP login. Put the following
- login entry into your /etc/passwd file. This entry instructs your
- remote system to activate a ppp connection when the the user
- psting logs in. Don't forget to put a passwd in this entry
- ("passwd psting").
-
- psting::0:0::/:/usr/etc/ppp
-
- For testing purposes, I have set up a test PPP login on orca. To
- use this PPP login you will need to add the two entries to /etc/hosts.
-
- 192.48.147.41 orca
- 192.82.199.1 ppptest
-
- Then you'll need to change the name of your machine to ppptest
- by doing a "hostname ppptest". Finally, you'll need to add
- the following to /etc/uucp/Systems.
-
- ppptest Any ACU 38400 12146618514 "" @\r\c ogin: ppptest ssword: fugu PPP
-
- Create the PPP configuration file by editing /etc/ppp.conf and
- put in the following line:
-
- ppptest quiet remotehost=orca lochost=ppptest
-
- The first field must be the name of the remote system and there
- should be a matching field in the /etc/uucp/Systems file. Subsequent
- fields are PPP options. "quiet" specify a combination of ppp
- in/out mode. "remotehost" specifies the IP address of the remote
- end of the PPP link. "lochost" specifies the IP address of the
- local link. The value for the keyword lochost must be the name
- of your local machine with an appropriate entry in /etc/hosts.
- Other PPP options are listed in the manual page for ppp.
-
- If you're on SGI's WAN, please kill routed and gated. DO NOT
- use my network address after you get pass Step 3. Get a new
- one by sending email to netnumbers@corp.sgi
-
- /etc/killall gated routed
-
- Turn on PPP. Type the following to start PPP to ppptest.
-
- /usr/etc/ppp -r ppptest &.
-
- You should be able to ping orca and get a response. If you get
- a response, you should be able to "rlogin guest@orca" and
- do regular network activities from orca to your machine. You
- should notice PPP dialing your remote system when there are
- pending TCP packets. After 30 seconds of inactivity, PPP will
- automatically hang up. I created the necessary startup script
- so that ppp starts up upon bootup. Sample files are located
- on orca.dallas:~hlo/public/ppp
-
- Step 4: Set up routing.
-
- At this point, you'll notice that you can only connect to the remote
- host on the other side of the PPP connection. If you're logged
- on long enough thru the PPP connection, routed will probably
- give you routes to your local network. But as soon as your PPP
- connection goes down, you'll notice that your routes dissapear.
- To combat this, you'll need to use gated. You will need to have
- a new network for your PPP connection. email netnumbers@corp.sgi.com
- for a new network. You will also need to install the route to the
- Cisco router. Call rod scott @ 412-390-2451.
-
-
- 192.48.147 192.82.199
- | |
- ---WAN--CISCO---(ec0)orca(ppp0)---(ppp0)sting
-
-
- The above is the network topology of my PPP gateway. If you have
- a single machine on the right side of the ppp connection then you'll
- only need to run gated on the near side of the WAN (orca). If
- you have multiple machines (such as that shown above), then
- you'll need to run gated on the far (sting) side as well. Create
- the near side gated configuration file /etc/gated.conf with
- the following entries: You will need to make the proper
- translation of IP address for your network. The far side machine
- will have conjugate network IP address.
-
- RIP yes supplier
- #
- # Trace options
- traceflags internal external stamp
- #
- # do not time-out the passive interfaces such as PPP and SLIP
- passiveinterfaces 192.82.199.44
- #
- # broadcast routes for the PPP Interface even when down
- net 192.82.199 gateway 192.82.199.44 metric 1 rip
- #
- # do not waste bandwidth
- noripoutinterface 192.82.199.44
-
- Turn off routed and turn on gated.
-
- /etc/chkconfig routed off
- killall routed
- /etc/chkconfig gated on
-
- Put "-t /usr/tmp/gated.log" into /etc/chkconfig/gated.options. Then
- stop/start the network:
-
- /etc/init.d/network stop
- /etc/init.d/network start
-
- When PPP connects up, it will take a few seconds to propogate
- all the routes. With the routes propogated, you'll be part
- of the network and interact directly to machines on our WAN.
-
- --Howard Lo/Tom Reed
-